CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION - TM-55-6070008
Figure 1-1 Military cargo being loaded aboard merchant-type ship.
CHAPTER 2 PERMITS, CERTIFICATES, INSPECTIONS, AND ACCEPTANCE
Figure 2-1 Typical cargo stowage inspection record.
Standard Feedback Forms and Systems
Figure 2-2. Report of Discrepancy (ROD) (SF 364) (Sheet 1 of 2).
Figure 2-2. Report of Discrepancy (ROD) (SF 364) (Sheet 2 of 2).
Standard Feedback Forms and Systems cont'd - TM-55-6070015
Figure 2-3. Transportation Discrepancy Report (Standard Form 361) (Sheet. 1 of 2).
Figure 2-3. Transportation Discrepancy Report (Standard Form 361) (Sheet 2 of 2).
Cargo Outturn Advisory and Reconciliation Message (CORM)
Figure 2-4. Cargo Outturn Report (DD Form 470)
Standard Feedback Forms and Systems cont'd - TM-55-6070020
Figure 2-5. Typical ammunition stowage evaluation sheet.
CHAPTER 3 PRELOAD REQUIREMENTS
Cargo Stowage Plan cont'd - TM-55-6070023
Figure 3-1 Typical preliminary cargo stowage plan for a single hatch.
Figure 3-2. Typical preplan for an entire ship.
Cargo Stowage Plan cont'd - TM-55-6070026
Figure 3-3. Use of compartment diagram during preload planning.
Estimation of Requirements for Materials and Personnel
Figure 3-4. Typical materials estimate sheet.
Equipment Requirements
Loading Force For One Berth
Typical Civil Service loading force
Figure 3-6. Organization of a typical Civil Service loading force.
Chapter 4 BASIC REQUIREMENTS FOR CARGO LOADING AND SECURING
Figure 4-1. Explosives spotted for loading.
Figure 42. Unit load isolated because of defective banding.
General Loading Procedures cont'd
Figure 4-3. Typical lift of palltetized cargo.
Types of Stowage
General Types of Explosive Loads
Figure 4-4. Typical palletized unit loads.
Figure 4-5. Round, single-item load (3,000-pound bombs).
Figure 4-7. Unitized toad for containers (CBU-55/B).
CHAPTER 5 APPROVED MATERIALS AND SPECIFICATIONS
Grades of Planks, Scantlings, and Heavy Joists.
Strapping, Lashing, and Tiedown Gear
Table 5-1 Comparison of Approved Construction Techniques with Alternate Methods.
Table 5-1. Continued.
Chapter 6 SECURING PROCESS
Figure 6-2. Static forces while ship is underway in calm seas.
Figure 6-3. Static forces due to roll motion.
Figure 6-4. Dynamic forces due to roll motion.
Figure 6-5. Dynamic forces due to pitch motion.
Figure 6-6. Basic blocking for wood deck.
Figure 6-7. Basic blocking for metal deck.
Figure 6-8. Basic bracing for wood deck.
Figure 6-9. Basic bracing for metal deck.
Figure 6-10. Preload inspection of existing securing structures.
Figure 6-11 Compartment requiring preload cleanup.
Figure 6-12. Hangar sweatboards.
Figure 6-13. Nonheat end bulkhead under construction.
Figure 6-14. Typical completed heat and nonheat bulkheads.
Figure 6-15. Installation of spacer material prior to stowage.
Figure 6-16. Boarding over of obstructions on permanent bulkhead.
Figure 6-17. Partial encasement.
Figure 6-18. Dockside wood ship.
Figure 6-19. Onboard assembly of prefabricated structures.
Figure 6-20. Direct nailing.
Figure 6-21. Total holding power of multiple nails.
Figure 6-22. Nail penetration required to resist maximum allowable lateral loads.
Figure 6-23. General nailing techniques.
Wood Screw Joints
CHAPTER 7 STANDARD SECURING STRUCTURES AND REQUIREMENTS
Figure 7-1 Strip decking/flooring.
Figure 7-2. Construction of wood decking with 1-inch lumber.
Figure 7-3. Construction of 2-inch wood decking laid athwartships.
Figure 7-4. Void table method for shoring deck obstructions.
Figure 7-5. Construction details for flooring over tank top.
Figure 7-6. Partial elevated flooring.
Figure 7-7. Comparison of flooring over hatch boards with stowage of wood pallets directly on hatch boards.
Figure 7-8. Construction details for flooring over the shaft alley.
Figure 7-9. Construction of tier decking for unit loads with overhang.
Dunnage Flooring
End Bulkheads
Figure 7-11 Construction details for heat bulkhead on stiffener side of ship 's bulkhead.
Figure 7-12. Construction details for heat bulkhead with jacks.
Nonheat Bulkheads
Figure 7-13. Construction details for nonheat bulkhead with jacks.
Figure 7-14. Construction details for nonheat bulkhead on stiffener side of ship 's bulkhead.
Nonheat Bulkheads cont'd
Figure 7-15. Construction details for nonheat bulkhead with A-frame.
Figure 7-16. Construction details for nonheat securing structures of bulkheads with deck bracing.
Figure 7-17. Construction details for nonheat securing structures against the shaft alley.
Figure 7-18. Construction details for partitions bulkhead.
Division Bulkheads
Figure 7-19. Construction details for division bulkhead.
Figure 7-20. Complete encasement of beams and pipes.
Figure 7-21 Complete encasement of kingpost within class 'A " magazine.
Figure 7-22. Partial encasement of ladder and stanchion.
Figure 7-23. Rectangular unit toads emplaced around partially encased ladder and stanchions.
Figure 7-24. Partial encasement of air vent.
Figure 7-25. Block-stow shoring of typical obstructions near the hull (hull blocking technique).
Class "A" Magazine Stowage
Figure 7-26. Construction details for framework of class "A magazine (nonportable)
Figure 7-27. Construction details for side of class " "magazine (nonportable)
Figure 7-28. Class 'A" magazine under construction (nonportable).
Class "A" Magazine Stowage cont'd
Figure 7-29. Construction details for portable class 'A" magazine.
Figure 730. Installation of barrier material.
Figure 731 Construction details for overhead A-frame tomming.
Figure 7-32. Construction details for A-frame tomming under tween-deck hatch beams.
Stepping Down a Load
Figure 7-34. Stepping down toward center of compartment.
Figure 735. Completion of stow with smaller unit loads.
Figure 7-36. Construction details for open-hold guardrail.
Figure 7-37. Construction details for closed deck-stow structure.
Figure 7-38. Typical closed deck-stow structure under construction.
Figure 739. Construction details for opens deck-stow structure.
Figure 7-40. Special deck stowage of weatherproof containers.
CHAPTER 8 BLOCK-STOW AND SWEATBOARD-TO-SWEATBOARD SECURING TECHNIQUES
Figure 8-1. Block stowage.
Figure 8-3. Stowage nomenclature.
Block-Stow Technique
Figure 8-4. Fundamental block-stow securing structure.
Figure 8-5. Typical block-stow securing (hull blocking technique).
Figure 8-6. Construction details for basic block-stow securing prepared in advance (hull blocking technique).
Figure 8-7. Pre-positioning of dunnage lumber.
Figure 8-8. Emplacement of initial unit loads for block stowage.
Figure 8-9. Installation of uprights and kickers for block stowage (hull blocking technique).
Figure 8-10. Addition of lacing for block stowage (hull blocking technique).
Figure 8-11 Installation of flooring support structures (hull blocking technique).
Figure 8-12. Bracing uprights to the hull (hull blocking technique).
Figure 8-13. Installation of lacing (hull blocking technique).
Figure 8-14. Construction of flooring supports (hull blocking technique).
Figure 8-15. Runners for support of flooring (hull blocking technique).
Figure 8-16. Installation of flooring over lower course stripping (hull blocking technique).
Figure 8-17. Resumption of the block-stow pattern (hull blocking technique).
Figure 8-18. Shoring small voids in the block-stow pattern.
Figure 8-19. Final void shoring in progress.
Figure 8-20. Construction details for narrow and full-block void shoring structures.
Figure 8-21 Void shoring for unit loads that overhang the pallet.
Figure 8-22. Strip sheathing with loads emplaced.
Figure 8-23. Stowing of subsequent loads (sweatboard blocking technique).
Sweatboard-to-Sweatboard Stowage Technique cont'd
Figure 8-24. One-point technique of unit-load positioning (sweatboard blocking technique).
Figure 8-25. Top tier bracing at sweatboards, small hull angles (sweatboard blocking technique).
Figure 8-26. Top tier bracing at sweatboards, severe hull angles (sweatboard blocking technique).
Figure 8-27. Sweatboard-to-sweatboard stowage of 20-mm cartridges, lower hold No. 1 (sweatboard blocking technique)
Figure 8-28. Construction details for prefabricated void table.
Figure 8-29. Full-block structure for tier voids, two-face-board construction.
Figure 8-30. Sequential shoring of cargo void (sweatboard blocking technique).
Sweatboard-to-Sweatboard Shoring of Cargo Voids cont'd
Figure 8-31 Shoring voids at the sweatboards (sweatboard blocking technique).
Figure 8-32. Full-block structure used with 750-pound-bomb unit loads.
Figure 8-33. Top tier void in process of being blocked.
Figure 8-34. Full-block structure for narrow tier voids.
CHAPTER 9 SECURING OF SPECIFIC LOADS
Figure 9-1. Stowing and securing of 500-pound fire bomb, MK 77 MOD 4, between deck compartments
500-Pound Fire Bomb, BLU-32/B, Palletized Unit Load (Air Force).
Figure 9-2. Sweatboard-to-sweatboard securing of 500-pound fire bomb, BLU-32/B, in lower hold No. 5, C3 hull
Securing Palletized 105-mm Cartridges
Figure 9-3. Stowage of palletized unit loads in tween-deck compartment.
Figure 9-4. Strip sheathing and bulkhead requirements for 105-mm unit loads (sweatboard blocking technique).
Figure 9-5. Securing of 105-mm palletized unit loads at the hull (hull blocking technique).
Figure 9-6. Fore-and-aft shoring of palletized boxed ammunition (forward hold 1, aftward view, hull blocking technique).
Figure 9-7. Construction of void shoring and flooring support structure for 105-mm unit loads.
Figure 9-8. Alternate method of securing voids in stowage of 105-mm cartridges.
Figure 9-9. Construction of a full floor over 105-mm HE cartridges.
Figure 9-10. Stowing and securing of 105-mm HE cartridges, lower hold No. 4, port side of shaft alley.
Figure 9-11. Sweatboard-to-sweatboard stowage of 20-nmm cartridges, lower hold No. 1 (sweatboard blocking technique).
Securing of 20-mm Cartridge Palletized Unit Load
Figure 9-12. Stowing and securing of 20-mm cartridges, lower hold No. 3 (sweatboard blocking technique).
Figure 9-10. Stowing and securing of 105-mm HE cartridges, lower hold No. 4, port side of shaft alley. cont'd
Figure 9-13. Stowing and securing of20-mimr cartridges, deep tank No. 4 (sweatboard blocking technique).
Securing of 155-mmn, 175-mm, and Army 8-Inch Projectile Palletized Unit Loads
Figure 9-14. Typical prefabricated nonheat bulkhead and securing structures
Figure 9-15. Stowage of initial tier of projectiles, tween-deck compartments (sweatboard blocking technique).
Figure 9-16. Filler assembly for offset Units.
Figure 9-17. Construction details for flooring over projectiles.
Figure 9-18. Construction of flooring (decking) over 155-mm projectiles.
Figure 9-19. Mixed stowage of 155-mm projectiles with other explosives cargo (stowage in progress).
Figure 9-20. Continuation of block stowage of projectiles in upper tiers.
Sweatboard-to-sweatboard stowage of projectiles
Figure 9-21. Sweatboard-to-sweatboard stowage of 155-mm projectiles, lower hold No.1
Figure 9-22. Sweatboard-to-sweatboard stowage of projectiles in compartment with convex sheer (sweatboard blocking technique)
Figure 9-23. Stowing and securing of 155-mmn projectiles, lower hold No. 3 (hull blocking technique).
Deep tank stowage
Figure 9-25. Stowing and securing of M4A2 propellant charges in tween-deck compartment.
Securing of Round, Single-Item Loads
Figure 9-26. Stowing and securing of 3,000-pound bomb, tween deck No. 3 (hull blocking technique).
Securing of Round, Single-Item Loads cont'd - TM-55-6070191
Figure 9-27. Stowing and securing of 3,000-pound bomb, lower hold No. 1 (hull blocking technique).
Figure 9-28. BLU-82/B15,000-pound slurry bomb, skidded unit load.
Figure 9-29. Preload boarding and flooring for15,000-pound slurry bomb.
Figure 9-30. Construction details for nose boarding in nose-to-base stowage.
Figure 9-31. Stowing and securing of 15,000-pound slurry bomb, nose-to-base, fore-and-aft.
Securing of Round, Single-Item Loads cont'd - TM-55-6070197
Figure 9-32. Stowing and securing of 15,000-pound slurry bomb, base-to-base, athwartship.
Securing of Round, Single-Item Loads cont'd - TM-55-6070199
Figure 9-33. Stowing and securing of 15, 000-pound slurry bomb, nose-to-base, athwartship.
Figure 9-34. Typical 500-pound bomb, Navy palletized unit load (metal pallet).
Figure 9-35. Typical 500-pound-bomb palletized unit load (wood pallet).
Figure 9-36. 250-pound-bomb palletized unit load.
Figure 9-38. 2,000-pound-bomb pattletized unit load.
Figure 9-39. Correct alignment for nose-to-butt stowage of 500-pound bombs.
Figure 9-40. Stowage of 500-pound-bomb unit loads in rectangular compartments.
Figure 9-41. Simple block stowage of 500-pound-bomb Unit loads, lower hold No. 5 (hull blocking technique).
Figure 9-42. Partially completed prefabricated securing for 500-pound-bomb unit loads (hull blocking technique).
Figure 9-43. Nonprefabricated securing installed after loading.
Figure 9-44. Typical preconstructed shoning for block stowage of 500-pound bombs in lower holds.
Figure 9-45. Slowing and securing of 500-pound bombs, lower hold No. 3, port cell (hull blocking technique).
Figure 9-46. Block stowage by levels, 500-pound-bomb unit loads, lower hold No.3, starboard cell (hull blocking technique)
Figure 9-47. Fore-and-aft restraint of end unit loads (hull blocking technique).
Figure 9-48. Construction of support structures for flooring over voids in the wings (hull blocking technique).
Figure 9-49. Completion of flooring prior to stowage of additional tiers of bombs (hull blocking technique).
Figure 9-50. Stowing and securing of 500-pound bombs in lower holds bisected by shaft alley (sweatboard blocking technique)
Sweatboard-to-sweatboard stowage of palletized bombs
Figure 9-51. Sweatboard-to-sweatboard stowage of 500-pound bombs, forward lower holds (sweatboard blocking technique)
Sweatboard-to-sweatboard stowage of palletized bombs cont'd
Figure 9-52. Sweatboard-to-sweatboard stowage of 500-pound bombs, aft lower holds (sweatboard blocking technique)
Sweatboard-to-sweatboard stowage of palletized bombs cont'd - TM-55-6070221
Figure 9-53. Stowing and securing of 500-pound bombs, lower hold No. 3, at heat bulkhead
Figure 9-54. Stowing and securing of 500-pound bombs, lower hold No. 3,
Figure 9-55. Height differential dunnaging for 500-pound-bomb unit loads in square of the hatch.
Sweatboard-to-sweatboard stowage of palletized bombs cont'd - TM-55-6070225
Figure 9-56. Tween-deck stowage of 750-pound-bomb unit loads.
Block stowage
Block stowage cont'd
Figure 9-58. Butt-to-butt shoring and shoring of tier voids in block stowage of 750-pound bombs
Figure 9-59. Flooring over 750-pountd-bonzb unit loads.
Sweatboard-to-sweatboard stowage.
Figure 9-60. Basic sweatboard-to-sweatboard stowage of 750-pound bombs, forward lower holds
Sweatboard-to-sweatboard stowage. cont'd - TM-55-6070233
Figure 9-61. Sweatboard-to-sweatboard stowage of 750-pound bombs, aft lower holds
Sweatboard-to-sweatboard stowage. cont'd - TM-55-6070235
Figure 9-62. Stowing and dunnaging of 750-poutnd bomb, lower hold No.3
Sweatboard-to-sweatboard stowage. cont'd - TM-55-6070237
Figure 9-63. Slowing at Id dunnaging of 750-pound bomb, deep tank No. 4
2,000-Pound Bomb, Palletized Unit Load
Figure 9-64. Typical stowage of 2,000-pound bomb, tween-deck compartments (sweatboard blocking technique).
2,000-Pound Bomb, Palletized Unit Load cont'd
Figure 9-65. Sweatboard-to-sweatboard stowage of 2,000-pound bombs, lower hold No. 5
Figure 9-66. Six reduced-charge powder tank cans (MK 12 MOD 0 pallet).
Figure 9-67. Six full-charge powder tank cans (MK 3 MOD 0 pallet).
Figure 9-69. Two high-capacity (HC) projectiles (MK 3AMOI) 0 pallet).
Figure 9-70. Support of tier decking for 2,000-pound bombs stowed nose-to-nose.
Figure 9-71. Stowing and securing of the CBU-55/B, tween deck No. 3 (swealboard blocking technique).
Stowage in tower holds
Figure 9-72. Block stowage of CBU-55/B in compartment with significant hull curvature (hull blocking technique).
Cluster Bomb, CBU-25/A, Single Container
Figure 9-73. Stowage and securing of CBU-25/A single containers in square of hatch.
CHAPTER 10 BARGE LOADING
Figure 10-1. Completed slow of 500-pound-bomb unit load in a LASH lighter.
Characteristics
Figure 10-2. Dimensions of a typical LASH lighter.
Figure 10-3. Preplan for LASH lighter.
Figure 10-4. Final stowage plan for LASH lighter.
Figure 10-5. Basic block-stowage pattern.
Figure 10-6. Basic staggered block-stow pattern.
Figure 10-7. Staggered block stow of 1,000-pound-bomb unit loads, MK 83.
Figure 10-8. Void shoring for staggered block stowage.
Figure 10-9. The modified block-stowage pattern.
Standard Block and Bracing Requirements
Figure 10-10. Construction details for bulkhead jack.
Figure 10-11 Completed encasement of stacking post.
Figure 10-13. The step-down technique.
Figure 10-14. Use of diagonally braced bulkhead for securing top layer of stow.
Lighters
Figure 10-15. Three types of lighters.
Figure 10-17. Side view of a typical YFN (modified) lighter.
Figure 10-18. Sheathing and loading areas.
Figure 10-19. Interior of YFN (modified) during loading operations.
APPENDIX A REFERENCES - TM-55-6070273
APPENDIX B GENERAL PROPERTIES OF DUNNAGE LUMBER
Table B-2. Commercial Lumber Grading Associations and Publications
Figure B-1. General classifications of softwood lumber.
Table B-3. Grouping of Species for Determining Allowable Loads for Nails and Screws
APPENDIX C TYPES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMON NAILS AND WOOD SCREWS
Table C-3. Allowable Withdrawal Loads for Nails and Spikes-Normal Duration
Table C-3. (Continued)
Table C-4. Allowable Lateral Loads for Nails and spikes, Normal Duration
Table C-5. Allowable Withdrawal Loads for Wood Renews-- Normal Duration. (See Table B 3 for Species of Wood).
Table C-6. Allowable Lateral Loads for Wood strews-- Normal Duration
APPENDIX D SHIP CHARACTERISTICS
Table D-1 Average Characteristics of Principal Types of UB Flag Break-bulk Dry Cargo Merchant Ships
Figure D-2. C2 hull configuration.
Figure D-3. C3 hull configuration
Table D-2. Characteristics of Typical Commercial Steel LASH Lighters
APPENDIX E SHIP'S CARGO-HANDLING GEAR
Figure E-2. Typical kingpost rigging.
Table E-1 (Continued)
GLOSSARY - TM-55-6070292
GLOSSARY-2
GLOSSARY-3
TM-55-607 Loading of Military Ammunition and Explosive Aboard Breakbulk Merchant Ships Manual
Figure 1-1 Military cargo being loaded aboard merchant-type ship.
CHAPTER 2 PERMITS, CERTIFICATES, INSPECTIONS, AND ACCEPTANCE
Figure 2-1 Typical cargo stowage inspection record.
Standard Feedback Forms and Systems
Figure 2-2. Report of Discrepancy (ROD) (SF 364) (Sheet 1 of 2).
Figure 2-2. Report of Discrepancy (ROD) (SF 364) (Sheet 2 of 2).
Standard Feedback Forms and Systems cont'd - TM-55-6070015
Figure 2-3. Transportation Discrepancy Report (Standard Form 361) (Sheet. 1 of 2).
Figure 2-3. Transportation Discrepancy Report (Standard Form 361) (Sheet 2 of 2).
Cargo Outturn Advisory and Reconciliation Message (CORM)
Figure 2-4. Cargo Outturn Report (DD Form 470)
Standard Feedback Forms and Systems cont'd - TM-55-6070020
Figure 2-5. Typical ammunition stowage evaluation sheet.
CHAPTER 3 PRELOAD REQUIREMENTS
Cargo Stowage Plan cont'd - TM-55-6070023
Figure 3-1 Typical preliminary cargo stowage plan for a single hatch.
Figure 3-2. Typical preplan for an entire ship.
Cargo Stowage Plan cont'd - TM-55-6070026
Figure 3-3. Use of compartment diagram during preload planning.
Estimation of Requirements for Materials and Personnel
Figure 3-4. Typical materials estimate sheet.
Equipment Requirements
Loading Force For One Berth
Typical Civil Service loading force
Figure 3-6. Organization of a typical Civil Service loading force.
Chapter 4 BASIC REQUIREMENTS FOR CARGO LOADING AND SECURING
Figure 4-1. Explosives spotted for loading.
Figure 42. Unit load isolated because of defective banding.
General Loading Procedures cont'd
Figure 4-3. Typical lift of palltetized cargo.
Types of Stowage
General Types of Explosive Loads
Figure 4-4. Typical palletized unit loads.
Figure 4-5. Round, single-item load (3,000-pound bombs).
Figure 4-7. Unitized toad for containers (CBU-55/B).
CHAPTER 5 APPROVED MATERIALS AND SPECIFICATIONS
Grades of Planks, Scantlings, and Heavy Joists.
Strapping, Lashing, and Tiedown Gear
Table 5-1 Comparison of Approved Construction Techniques with Alternate Methods.
Table 5-1. Continued.
Chapter 6 SECURING PROCESS
Figure 6-2. Static forces while ship is underway in calm seas.
Figure 6-3. Static forces due to roll motion.
Figure 6-4. Dynamic forces due to roll motion.
Figure 6-5. Dynamic forces due to pitch motion.
Figure 6-6. Basic blocking for wood deck.
Figure 6-7. Basic blocking for metal deck.
Figure 6-8. Basic bracing for wood deck.
Figure 6-9. Basic bracing for metal deck.
Figure 6-10. Preload inspection of existing securing structures.
Figure 6-11 Compartment requiring preload cleanup.
Figure 6-12. Hangar sweatboards.
Figure 6-13. Nonheat end bulkhead under construction.
Figure 6-14. Typical completed heat and nonheat bulkheads.
Figure 6-15. Installation of spacer material prior to stowage.
Figure 6-16. Boarding over of obstructions on permanent bulkhead.
Figure 6-17. Partial encasement.
Figure 6-18. Dockside wood ship.
Figure 6-19. Onboard assembly of prefabricated structures.
Figure 6-20. Direct nailing.
Figure 6-21. Total holding power of multiple nails.
Figure 6-22. Nail penetration required to resist maximum allowable lateral loads.
Figure 6-23. General nailing techniques.
Wood Screw Joints
CHAPTER 7 STANDARD SECURING STRUCTURES AND REQUIREMENTS
Figure 7-1 Strip decking/flooring.
Figure 7-2. Construction of wood decking with 1-inch lumber.
Figure 7-3. Construction of 2-inch wood decking laid athwartships.
Figure 7-4. Void table method for shoring deck obstructions.
Figure 7-5. Construction details for flooring over tank top.
Figure 7-6. Partial elevated flooring.
Figure 7-7. Comparison of flooring over hatch boards with stowage of wood pallets directly on hatch boards.
Figure 7-8. Construction details for flooring over the shaft alley.
Figure 7-9. Construction of tier decking for unit loads with overhang.
Dunnage Flooring
End Bulkheads
Figure 7-11 Construction details for heat bulkhead on stiffener side of ship 's bulkhead.
Figure 7-12. Construction details for heat bulkhead with jacks.
Nonheat Bulkheads
Figure 7-13. Construction details for nonheat bulkhead with jacks.
Figure 7-14. Construction details for nonheat bulkhead on stiffener side of ship 's bulkhead.
Nonheat Bulkheads cont'd
Figure 7-15. Construction details for nonheat bulkhead with A-frame.
Figure 7-16. Construction details for nonheat securing structures of bulkheads with deck bracing.
Figure 7-17. Construction details for nonheat securing structures against the shaft alley.
Figure 7-18. Construction details for partitions bulkhead.
Division Bulkheads
Figure 7-19. Construction details for division bulkhead.
Figure 7-20. Complete encasement of beams and pipes.
Figure 7-21 Complete encasement of kingpost within class 'A " magazine.
Figure 7-22. Partial encasement of ladder and stanchion.
Figure 7-23. Rectangular unit toads emplaced around partially encased ladder and stanchions.
Figure 7-24. Partial encasement of air vent.
Figure 7-25. Block-stow shoring of typical obstructions near the hull (hull blocking technique).
Class "A" Magazine Stowage
Figure 7-26. Construction details for framework of class "A magazine (nonportable)
Figure 7-27. Construction details for side of class " "magazine (nonportable)
Figure 7-28. Class 'A" magazine under construction (nonportable).
Class "A" Magazine Stowage cont'd
Figure 7-29. Construction details for portable class 'A" magazine.
Figure 730. Installation of barrier material.
Figure 731 Construction details for overhead A-frame tomming.
Figure 7-32. Construction details for A-frame tomming under tween-deck hatch beams.
Stepping Down a Load
Figure 7-34. Stepping down toward center of compartment.
Figure 735. Completion of stow with smaller unit loads.
Figure 7-36. Construction details for open-hold guardrail.
Figure 7-37. Construction details for closed deck-stow structure.
Figure 7-38. Typical closed deck-stow structure under construction.
Figure 739. Construction details for opens deck-stow structure.
Figure 7-40. Special deck stowage of weatherproof containers.
CHAPTER 8 BLOCK-STOW AND SWEATBOARD-TO-SWEATBOARD SECURING TECHNIQUES
Figure 8-1. Block stowage.
Figure 8-3. Stowage nomenclature.
Block-Stow Technique
Figure 8-4. Fundamental block-stow securing structure.
Figure 8-5. Typical block-stow securing (hull blocking technique).
Figure 8-6. Construction details for basic block-stow securing prepared in advance (hull blocking technique).
Figure 8-7. Pre-positioning of dunnage lumber.
Figure 8-8. Emplacement of initial unit loads for block stowage.
Figure 8-9. Installation of uprights and kickers for block stowage (hull blocking technique).
Figure 8-10. Addition of lacing for block stowage (hull blocking technique).
Figure 8-11 Installation of flooring support structures (hull blocking technique).
Figure 8-12. Bracing uprights to the hull (hull blocking technique).
Figure 8-13. Installation of lacing (hull blocking technique).
Figure 8-14. Construction of flooring supports (hull blocking technique).
Figure 8-15. Runners for support of flooring (hull blocking technique).
Figure 8-16. Installation of flooring over lower course stripping (hull blocking technique).
Figure 8-17. Resumption of the block-stow pattern (hull blocking technique).
Figure 8-18. Shoring small voids in the block-stow pattern.
Figure 8-19. Final void shoring in progress.
Figure 8-20. Construction details for narrow and full-block void shoring structures.
Figure 8-21 Void shoring for unit loads that overhang the pallet.
Figure 8-22. Strip sheathing with loads emplaced.
Figure 8-23. Stowing of subsequent loads (sweatboard blocking technique).
Sweatboard-to-Sweatboard Stowage Technique cont'd
Figure 8-24. One-point technique of unit-load positioning (sweatboard blocking technique).
Figure 8-25. Top tier bracing at sweatboards, small hull angles (sweatboard blocking technique).
Figure 8-26. Top tier bracing at sweatboards, severe hull angles (sweatboard blocking technique).
Figure 8-27. Sweatboard-to-sweatboard stowage of 20-mm cartridges, lower hold No. 1 (sweatboard blocking technique)
Figure 8-28. Construction details for prefabricated void table.
Figure 8-29. Full-block structure for tier voids, two-face-board construction.
Figure 8-30. Sequential shoring of cargo void (sweatboard blocking technique).
Sweatboard-to-Sweatboard Shoring of Cargo Voids cont'd
Figure 8-31 Shoring voids at the sweatboards (sweatboard blocking technique).
Figure 8-32. Full-block structure used with 750-pound-bomb unit loads.
Figure 8-33. Top tier void in process of being blocked.
Figure 8-34. Full-block structure for narrow tier voids.
CHAPTER 9 SECURING OF SPECIFIC LOADS
Figure 9-1. Stowing and securing of 500-pound fire bomb, MK 77 MOD 4, between deck compartments
500-Pound Fire Bomb, BLU-32/B, Palletized Unit Load (Air Force).
Figure 9-2. Sweatboard-to-sweatboard securing of 500-pound fire bomb, BLU-32/B, in lower hold No. 5, C3 hull
Securing Palletized 105-mm Cartridges
Figure 9-3. Stowage of palletized unit loads in tween-deck compartment.
Figure 9-4. Strip sheathing and bulkhead requirements for 105-mm unit loads (sweatboard blocking technique).
Figure 9-5. Securing of 105-mm palletized unit loads at the hull (hull blocking technique).
Figure 9-6. Fore-and-aft shoring of palletized boxed ammunition (forward hold 1, aftward view, hull blocking technique).
Figure 9-7. Construction of void shoring and flooring support structure for 105-mm unit loads.
Figure 9-8. Alternate method of securing voids in stowage of 105-mm cartridges.
Figure 9-9. Construction of a full floor over 105-mm HE cartridges.
Figure 9-10. Stowing and securing of 105-mm HE cartridges, lower hold No. 4, port side of shaft alley.
Figure 9-11. Sweatboard-to-sweatboard stowage of 20-nmm cartridges, lower hold No. 1 (sweatboard blocking technique).
Securing of 20-mm Cartridge Palletized Unit Load
Figure 9-12. Stowing and securing of 20-mm cartridges, lower hold No. 3 (sweatboard blocking technique).
Figure 9-10. Stowing and securing of 105-mm HE cartridges, lower hold No. 4, port side of shaft alley. cont'd
Figure 9-13. Stowing and securing of20-mimr cartridges, deep tank No. 4 (sweatboard blocking technique).
Securing of 155-mmn, 175-mm, and Army 8-Inch Projectile Palletized Unit Loads
Figure 9-14. Typical prefabricated nonheat bulkhead and securing structures
Figure 9-15. Stowage of initial tier of projectiles, tween-deck compartments (sweatboard blocking technique).
Figure 9-16. Filler assembly for offset Units.
Figure 9-17. Construction details for flooring over projectiles.
Figure 9-18. Construction of flooring (decking) over 155-mm projectiles.
Figure 9-19. Mixed stowage of 155-mm projectiles with other explosives cargo (stowage in progress).
Figure 9-20. Continuation of block stowage of projectiles in upper tiers.
Sweatboard-to-sweatboard stowage of projectiles
Figure 9-21. Sweatboard-to-sweatboard stowage of 155-mm projectiles, lower hold No.1
Figure 9-22. Sweatboard-to-sweatboard stowage of projectiles in compartment with convex sheer (sweatboard blocking technique)
Figure 9-23. Stowing and securing of 155-mmn projectiles, lower hold No. 3 (hull blocking technique).
Deep tank stowage
Figure 9-25. Stowing and securing of M4A2 propellant charges in tween-deck compartment.
Securing of Round, Single-Item Loads
Figure 9-26. Stowing and securing of 3,000-pound bomb, tween deck No. 3 (hull blocking technique).
Securing of Round, Single-Item Loads cont'd - TM-55-6070191
Figure 9-27. Stowing and securing of 3,000-pound bomb, lower hold No. 1 (hull blocking technique).
Figure 9-28. BLU-82/B15,000-pound slurry bomb, skidded unit load.
Figure 9-29. Preload boarding and flooring for15,000-pound slurry bomb.
Figure 9-30. Construction details for nose boarding in nose-to-base stowage.
Figure 9-31. Stowing and securing of 15,000-pound slurry bomb, nose-to-base, fore-and-aft.
Securing of Round, Single-Item Loads cont'd - TM-55-6070197
Figure 9-32. Stowing and securing of 15,000-pound slurry bomb, base-to-base, athwartship.
Securing of Round, Single-Item Loads cont'd - TM-55-6070199
Figure 9-33. Stowing and securing of 15, 000-pound slurry bomb, nose-to-base, athwartship.
Figure 9-34. Typical 500-pound bomb, Navy palletized unit load (metal pallet).
Figure 9-35. Typical 500-pound-bomb palletized unit load (wood pallet).
Figure 9-36. 250-pound-bomb palletized unit load.
Figure 9-38. 2,000-pound-bomb pattletized unit load.
Figure 9-39. Correct alignment for nose-to-butt stowage of 500-pound bombs.
Figure 9-40. Stowage of 500-pound-bomb unit loads in rectangular compartments.
Figure 9-41. Simple block stowage of 500-pound-bomb Unit loads, lower hold No. 5 (hull blocking technique).
Figure 9-42. Partially completed prefabricated securing for 500-pound-bomb unit loads (hull blocking technique).
Figure 9-43. Nonprefabricated securing installed after loading.
Figure 9-44. Typical preconstructed shoning for block stowage of 500-pound bombs in lower holds.
Figure 9-45. Slowing and securing of 500-pound bombs, lower hold No. 3, port cell (hull blocking technique).
Figure 9-46. Block stowage by levels, 500-pound-bomb unit loads, lower hold No.3, starboard cell (hull blocking technique)
Figure 9-47. Fore-and-aft restraint of end unit loads (hull blocking technique).
Figure 9-48. Construction of support structures for flooring over voids in the wings (hull blocking technique).
Figure 9-49. Completion of flooring prior to stowage of additional tiers of bombs (hull blocking technique).
Figure 9-50. Stowing and securing of 500-pound bombs in lower holds bisected by shaft alley (sweatboard blocking technique)
Sweatboard-to-sweatboard stowage of palletized bombs
Figure 9-51. Sweatboard-to-sweatboard stowage of 500-pound bombs, forward lower holds (sweatboard blocking technique)
Sweatboard-to-sweatboard stowage of palletized bombs cont'd
Figure 9-52. Sweatboard-to-sweatboard stowage of 500-pound bombs, aft lower holds (sweatboard blocking technique)
Sweatboard-to-sweatboard stowage of palletized bombs cont'd - TM-55-6070221
Figure 9-53. Stowing and securing of 500-pound bombs, lower hold No. 3, at heat bulkhead
Figure 9-54. Stowing and securing of 500-pound bombs, lower hold No. 3,
Figure 9-55. Height differential dunnaging for 500-pound-bomb unit loads in square of the hatch.
Sweatboard-to-sweatboard stowage of palletized bombs cont'd - TM-55-6070225
Figure 9-56. Tween-deck stowage of 750-pound-bomb unit loads.
Block stowage
Block stowage cont'd
Figure 9-58. Butt-to-butt shoring and shoring of tier voids in block stowage of 750-pound bombs
Figure 9-59. Flooring over 750-pountd-bonzb unit loads.
Sweatboard-to-sweatboard stowage.
Figure 9-60. Basic sweatboard-to-sweatboard stowage of 750-pound bombs, forward lower holds
Sweatboard-to-sweatboard stowage. cont'd - TM-55-6070233
Figure 9-61. Sweatboard-to-sweatboard stowage of 750-pound bombs, aft lower holds
Sweatboard-to-sweatboard stowage. cont'd - TM-55-6070235
Figure 9-62. Stowing and dunnaging of 750-poutnd bomb, lower hold No.3
Sweatboard-to-sweatboard stowage. cont'd - TM-55-6070237
Figure 9-63. Slowing at Id dunnaging of 750-pound bomb, deep tank No. 4
2,000-Pound Bomb, Palletized Unit Load
Figure 9-64. Typical stowage of 2,000-pound bomb, tween-deck compartments (sweatboard blocking technique).
2,000-Pound Bomb, Palletized Unit Load cont'd
Figure 9-65. Sweatboard-to-sweatboard stowage of 2,000-pound bombs, lower hold No. 5
Figure 9-66. Six reduced-charge powder tank cans (MK 12 MOD 0 pallet).
Figure 9-67. Six full-charge powder tank cans (MK 3 MOD 0 pallet).
Figure 9-69. Two high-capacity (HC) projectiles (MK 3AMOI) 0 pallet).
Figure 9-70. Support of tier decking for 2,000-pound bombs stowed nose-to-nose.
Figure 9-71. Stowing and securing of the CBU-55/B, tween deck No. 3 (swealboard blocking technique).
Stowage in tower holds
Figure 9-72. Block stowage of CBU-55/B in compartment with significant hull curvature (hull blocking technique).
Cluster Bomb, CBU-25/A, Single Container
Figure 9-73. Stowage and securing of CBU-25/A single containers in square of hatch.
CHAPTER 10 BARGE LOADING
Figure 10-1. Completed slow of 500-pound-bomb unit load in a LASH lighter.
Characteristics
Figure 10-2. Dimensions of a typical LASH lighter.
Figure 10-3. Preplan for LASH lighter.
Figure 10-4. Final stowage plan for LASH lighter.
Figure 10-5. Basic block-stowage pattern.
Figure 10-6. Basic staggered block-stow pattern.
Figure 10-7. Staggered block stow of 1,000-pound-bomb unit loads, MK 83.
Figure 10-8. Void shoring for staggered block stowage.
Figure 10-9. The modified block-stowage pattern.
Standard Block and Bracing Requirements
Figure 10-10. Construction details for bulkhead jack.
Figure 10-11 Completed encasement of stacking post.
Figure 10-13. The step-down technique.
Figure 10-14. Use of diagonally braced bulkhead for securing top layer of stow.
Lighters
Figure 10-15. Three types of lighters.
Figure 10-17. Side view of a typical YFN (modified) lighter.
Figure 10-18. Sheathing and loading areas.
Figure 10-19. Interior of YFN (modified) during loading operations.
APPENDIX A REFERENCES - TM-55-6070273
APPENDIX B GENERAL PROPERTIES OF DUNNAGE LUMBER
Table B-2. Commercial Lumber Grading Associations and Publications
Figure B-1. General classifications of softwood lumber.
Table B-3. Grouping of Species for Determining Allowable Loads for Nails and Screws
APPENDIX C TYPES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMON NAILS AND WOOD SCREWS
Table C-3. Allowable Withdrawal Loads for Nails and Spikes-Normal Duration
Table C-3. (Continued)
Table C-4. Allowable Lateral Loads for Nails and spikes, Normal Duration
Table C-5. Allowable Withdrawal Loads for Wood Renews-- Normal Duration. (See Table B 3 for Species of Wood).
Table C-6. Allowable Lateral Loads for Wood strews-- Normal Duration
APPENDIX D SHIP CHARACTERISTICS
Table D-1 Average Characteristics of Principal Types of UB Flag Break-bulk Dry Cargo Merchant Ships
Figure D-2. C2 hull configuration.
Figure D-3. C3 hull configuration
Table D-2. Characteristics of Typical Commercial Steel LASH Lighters
APPENDIX E SHIP'S CARGO-HANDLING GEAR
Figure E-2. Typical kingpost rigging.
Table E-1 (Continued)
GLOSSARY - TM-55-6070292
GLOSSARY-2
GLOSSARY-3
TM-55-607 Loading of Military Ammunition and Explosive Aboard Breakbulk Merchant Ships Manual
